The ten-fold increase in the number of asteroids reported in Gaia DR3 as compared to DR2 means that there is a significant increase in the number of close encounters between Gaia-detected asteroids. Returning to our home planet, Gaia will produce an ultraprecise reference frame for navigation and positioning," says Academy Professor Karri Muinonen from the University of Helsinki. Based on Gaia DR3, Finnish researchers will change the conception of asteroids in our Solar System, exoplanets and stars in our Milky Way galaxy, as well as galaxies themselves, including the Milky Way and its surrounding satellite galaxies.
"There are so many revolutionary advances that it is difficult to pinpoint a single most significant advance. DR3 includes the largest ever binary star catalog for the Milky Way, more than 150 000 Solar System objects, largely asteroids but also planetary satellites, as well as millions of galaxies and quasars beyond the Milky Way. The new DR3 data comprises, for example, the chemical compositions, temperatures, colors, masses, brightnesses, ages, and radial velocities of stars. Some 50 scientific articles are being published with DR3, of which nine articles have been devoted to underscoring the exceptionally significant potential of DR3 for future research. Gaia DR3 on Jwas significant across astronomy. Gaia resides at about 1,5 million kilometers from the Earth in the anti-Sun direction, where it orbits the Sun together with the Earth in the proximity of the so-called Sun-Earth Lagrange L2-point. Three science instruments allow for accurate determination of stellar positions and velocities as well as the spectral properties. Gaia revolves about its axis slowly in about six hours and is composed of two optical space telescopes. The data helps unveil the origin and future evolution of the Solar System and the Milky Way and helps understand stellar and planetary-system evolution and our place in the cosmos. Gaia data allows, for example, for the derivation of asteroid and exoplanet orbits and physical properties. Finnish researchers were strongly involved in the release. On Monday, June 13, ESA released Gaia data in Data Release 3 (DR3). Gaia was launched in December 2013 and has collected science data from July 2014. The talk will provide a short historical context and describe the scientific motivation for these missions, outline the essential experimental principles which underpin their measurements, and give an overview of the science objectives, including Gaia's expected yield of many thousands of astrometrically-detected exoplanets.The Gaia space mission of the European Space Agency ESA is constructing an ultraprecise three-dimensional map of our Milky Way galaxy, observing almost two billion stars or roughly one percent of all the stars in our galaxy. Launched in 2013 and expected to operate into the next decade, Gaia will represent a revolution in its dynamical stereoscopic mapping of our Galaxy, promising a catalogue of more than a billion stars to 20 magnitude at microarcsec-level accuracy. As a follow-up, ESA accepted the Gaia mission in 2000. Hipparcos delivered its high-accuracy catalogue of 120,000 star distances and space motions in 1997. In his ASP Millennium Essay in 2001, Cavendish Professor Malcolm Longair stated that "It is invidious to single out surveys which I find particularly impressive, but I make an exception for the Hipparcos astrometric satellite". the first time since Sputnik in 1957 that a major new development in space science has come from outside the US". Outside of the astrometric community, it was viewed at the time as fundamental if not particularly exciting, although Freeman Dyson described it as ". Alone amongst the space agencies, ESA made its entry into space astrometry with the adoption of the Hipparcos mission in 1981.
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